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• Email RSayner@RMSA.com for details. Ritchie Sayner is Vice President of Business Development for RMSA Retail Solutions. Filed Under: Marketing & Management, News Tagged With: inventory, management, merchandising.
• Email rics@rmsa.com or call 1-800-727-7672. Give rmsa the chance to make you money: don't over-buy. Don't under-buy. Get it just right. Here's how it works.

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Given the current state of retail, it was suggested recently that I write an article about open-to-buy (OTB) planning. My original reaction was who wants to read about that? However, after reviewing previous articles, I noticed that I have covered almost everything, but open-to-buy. since I work for a company that provides independent retailers with opten to buy plans, I guess it might be about time.

Welcome to RMSA-UP. The Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA) scheme initiated in 2009, demonstrates the government's ambition for a secondary education system that can support India's growth and development.

I am going to let you in on a trade secret: the formula for OTB is not difficult. Begin with planned sales, determine the first of the month inventory level, factor in markdowns, transfers, and vendor returns, add in merchandise receipts, subtract what is on order, and you have your OTB. Simple. Or is it?

Breaking Down Open to Buy Planning

Let's start with planned sales. Where do they come from? Most independents get into trouble right out of the gate by getting this segment of the planning process wrong. A common, albeit incorrect approach is to plan monthly sales volume based on last year. Using last year's figures to project future sales is wrong on several levels. If sales last year were driven by markdowns and were thus unprofitable, there is a good chance that planning around that number for the upcoming year may render the same if not worse results. If sales were off due to a downward fashion trend or poorly timed shipments, the classification would also falter and the store may in fact end up under planning the classification. Sales planning, projecting, forecasting or whatever label you wish to assign to it needs to be done at the classification level and not by brand. Most independents almost always want to plan for an increase in business whether warranted or not. An unrealistic sales forecast will generally lead to an overbought situation which in turn will lead to increased markdowns at best and decreased turn and cash flow at worst. Classifications get planned up based on profitable sales and trends, and down when the reverse happens. Merchandise planning that originates at the class level and rolls up to the department and then store level is referred to as bottom-up planning as opposed to top down planning that emanates from a total company plan and works its way down to the class level.

Planning the needed stock level to support the sales plan is the next phase. This is accomplished by the use of stock/sales ratios. Simple rmi program using netbeans to grouplasopaeko pdf. A stock/sales ratio is simply a relationship between stock and sales. It is related to the turnover and the proper timing of deliveries. Stock/sales ratios are different for each classification and for every month. This is perhaps the single most compelling reason for automating the planning process. For example, a classification that is planned to turn three times would have a stock/sales ratio of 4. This can also be viewed as a number of month's of supply to have in stock. (12 months/3 turns = 4 months of supply.) If a classification holds more than it can sell for a given period of time, the stock/sales ratio increases and over time, turnover will decrease. In severe examples this can lead to higher markdowns than usual, reduced margins and an overall reduction in gross margin return on inventory (GMROI) as well. Suffice to say, getting the inventory planned correctly is a vital step. When using the retail method of accounting, as we are assuming in this discussion, stocks are planned at the current retail value. This means that markdowns are recognized when they are taken as opposed to when the merchandise is actually sold. This reduces the 'market' value of the inventory by the amount of the markdown, which increases turnover and generates additional OTB dollars to land new merchandise. Some systems do a much better job at handling this than others; you can trust me on that.

So far we have discussed the two most important elements in the creation of an OTB plan, the sales and inventory forecasting. If errors are made in either of these areas, the OTB plan is going to be wrong. After planning sales and stock levels, markdowns need to be planned for. Some stores fail to do this arguing that the additional inventory planned to compensate for the markdowns leads them to become overbought. I would argue the reverse. By not planning for the markdowns, the classification can become under stocked and thereby miss potential business and who wants to risk that? Store history can help us with the planning of markdowns. Traditionally, seasonal classes like sandals and winter boots show heavier markdowns toward the end of the selling season. Knowing this, we can plan our buys around this to take advantage of promotional goods for these expected 'sale' periods.

Other components that must be recognized are merchandise transfers in and out, as well as vendor returns. Once these are properly accounted for, we now have our gross planned receiving at retail. This number can readily be converted to cost for stores that prefer buying at cost as opposed to retail, using the cost complement of the initial markup of the classification.

Our final step in OTB planning is to deduct what is already purchased by month of planned delivery. Once the merchandise on order is subtracted from the planned receiving figure you have your OTB number. OTB plans are typically done for a season, say spring or fall, and generally, though not always in six month increments depending on the commitment requirements of the particular classification. A good planning program is not static. It should revise itself monthly based on the rate of sale in each classification, amount of markdowns needed or taken, and other factors. A good rule of thumb for our current economic climate would be to consider spending no more than 60 percent of the season's OTB up front reserving 20 percent for fill-ins and 20 percent for promotional buys. This is a guide only and will vary based on type of store and the classification involved.

Results of poor OTB planning or no planning can be quite costly and generally lead to inventories that are out of balance. Under planned classifications lead to lost sales, whereas over planned categories typically end up less profitable due to markdowns and slower turnover. Attention also needs to be given to reporting accuracy, since inventory variance can substantially alter the merchandise plan. The capture of markdowns and transfer reporting is a good first place to look if you encounter an inventory variance that is outside of industry norms. Not using an open-to-by plan is like driving a car without insurance or building a house without a blueprint. It is dangerous and sometimes the outcome can be disastrous.

As a courtesy to Independent Retail readers, I will offer a one time review and analysis of any OTB plan at no charge or obligation. Email RSayner@RMSA.com for details. Ritchie Sayner is Vice President of Business Development for RMSA Retail Solutions.

RMSA Assam TET 2021 Notification TET Examination for Secondary Education Assam for BTC/KAAC/NCHAC Area of Assam, 2021 student can find Question Papers, syllabus, books in Hindi and English.

RMSA Assam TET 2021

RMSA Assam TET 2021

• With a view to offer quality education in the secondary schools of Assam, the Govt. of Assam has amended the Assam Secondary Education (Provincialised) Service Rules, 2003 fixing minimum standard of qualification for teacher's eligibility in secondary schools in accordance with NCTE Regulation.

• The Government in the Secondary Education Department vide the Assam Secondary Education Service (Amendment) Rules, 2012 has prescribed the amended qualifications for direct recruitment to the post of graduate teachers. Accordingly First Teachers Eligibility Test (TET) for Secondary Education in Assam was conducted in year, 2013 by the Government of Assam, in Secondary Education Department.

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RMSA Assam TET 2021 Exam Date:

• Government in the Secondary Education Department of Assam will notify later about the Assam TET Exam Date.

RMSA Assam TET Online Application Form 2021

• The Online application form will available from 16th August 2017 and last date of submitting application form is 31st August 2018.

• Candidates are advised to read the RMSA Assam TET 2021 Notification for eligibility and qualification details before apply online.

• The cost of the application form is Rs.400/– (Rupees Four Hundred only).

• Detailed instruction on filling up of online application form will be uploaded in the website www.rmsaassam.in.

For more information on TET candidates may please contact all Inspector of Schools offices in Districts and their RMSA cells; State Mission Director RMSA Office, Kahilipara, Guwahati; Office of the Director of Secondary Education, Assam, Kahilipara, Guwahati during office hours on all working days.

RMSA Assam TET Eligibility 2021

CRITERIA for Graduate Teachers in Secondary Schools: The Assam Secondary Education (Provincialised) Service (Amendment) Rules, 2012 has prescribed the amended qualification for direct recruitment to the post of graduate teachers.

As per the substituted Schedule -II, the qualification for

• 1) Graduate Teacher has been prescribed as BA/B.Sc/B.Com with 50% marks with B.T.! B.Ed. degree from any recognized university.

• 2) Hindi Teacher: Pravinl Ratna in Hindi with 50% marks having degree qualification from any recognized university or B.A with Hindi as one of the subject with 50% marks and B.T I B. Ed. degree from any recognized University.

• Classical Teacher (Sanskrit):- Shastri with 50% marks having degree qualification from any recognized University or B.A with Sanskrit as one of the subjects with 50% marks and B.TI B.Ed degree from any recognized University.

• Classical Teacher (Assamese Language, Manipuri Language):– B.A with Honoursl Major in concerned subject with 50% marks and B. T IB.Ed degreefrom any recognized University.

• Classical Teacher (Sanskrit):- Shastri with 50% marks having degree qualification from any recognized University or B.A with Sanskrit as one of the subjects with 50% marks and B.TI B.Ed degree from any recognized University.

• Classical Teacher such as Arabic, Urdu, Persian etc:– MM with 50% marks with degree qualification from any recognized University or B.A with Arabic as one of the subjects with 50% marks and B.T./B.Ed. from any recognized University.

Who Can Apply?

• A. The Candidate must be a Citizen of India and must be a resident of Assam. He/she must be a Graduate having 50% marks from a recognized University with B.T/B. Ed. from a recognized University.

• B. Age of the candidate should not be above 43 years as on 01.01.2018. Upper age limit is
  relaxable by 5 years for SC/ST candidates.

• C. The Upper age limit may also be relaxed in case of candidates who are working under the scheme of 'Strengthening and Improvement of the Quality Education in the State' on contractual terms for a maximum period up to 5 years.

RMSA Assam TET Exam Pattern 2021

Structure & Content of Test:- The examination shall be for 200 marks of 200 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs), each one of them carrying equal marks. The subject areas broadly are as follows.

RMSA Assam TET Syllabus 2021

Syllabus For TET Examination for Secondary Education Assam for BTC/KAAC/NCHAC Area of Assam, 2021

Part 1: General Studies and Current Affairs (100 marks)0

(All questions will be of Multiple Choice Objective Type)

A. General Studies (80 marks)

• Unit 1: History and Culture of India with Special Emphasis on Assam History
• Unit 2: Indian Political System and Constitution of India
• Unit 3: General Science and Technology
• Unit4: Geography of India with Special emphasis on Assam
• Unit 5: Economy of India with Special emphasis on Assam
• Unit 6: Mental Ability ,Logical Reasoning and Quantitative Analysis
• Unit 7: Environment
• Unit 8: Secondary Education in India and Management of Schools

B. Current Affairs (20 Marks)

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• Matters of State, National and International importance, Political and Economic developments, Culture, Art, Literature, Games, Sports, Scientific and Technological advancements, etc.

Part 2: Pedagogy and General English (100 marks)

(All questions will be of Multiple Choice Objective Type)

A. Pedagogy (75 marks)

Unit 1: Teaching –Learning Process and Pedagogy

•  General Principles of Teaching, Maxims of Teaching
•  Significant trends in Modern Teaching Learning Process
•  Process of Learning-Major Laws of Learning, Role of Motivation in Learning
•  Teaching Methods and Techniques
•  Teaching Skills
•  Teaching Devices
•  Taxonomy of Educational Objectives: Cognitive, Affective & Psychomotor
•  Lesson Plan: Essentials of a good Unit
•  Teaching Aids

Unit 2: Educational Psychology

•  Educational Psychology– Its Meaning and Nature: Application of Educational Psychology in the classroom.
•  Attention and Interest – Its Educational Implication
•  Personality- Its Concept- role of family and school in personality development
•  Education of Children with Special Needs
•  Mental Health and Hygiene, Adjustment and Mechanism
•  Intelligence- concept and nature: Individual differences in intelligence, creativity.

Unit 3: Psychology of Adolescence

• Significance of Adolescence Period
• Dimensions of Development during Adolescence- physical, intellectual,social, emotional and moral.
• Emotional problems in the classroom.
• Understanding the adolescent learner- role of family and school
• Juvenile Delinquency
• Guidance and Counseling
• Understanding Developmental Hazards during adolescence.

B. General English (Maximum 25 marks)
Unit 1: Remedial Grammar

•  Determiners
•  Tense Forms
•  Auxiliaries- primary and modals
•  Direct and indirect narration
•  Active and passive voice
•  Appropriate prepositions
•  Vocabulary-antonyms, Synonyms
•  Pairs of Words

Unit 2: Composition

•  Letter Writing- Personal and Formal
•  Report Writing
•  Phrases and idioms
•  Punctuation
•  Sentence structure – word order
•  Paragraph writing
•  Precis writing
•  Miscellaneous Corrections

RMSA Assam TET Online Practice Test:

• RMSA Assam TET MCQ Questions Answers for Teacher Eligibility Test Exam . This mock test having 25 question each, with four choices. On each click on answers system will tell you where the answers iscorrect or incorrect. There many question for Assam TET Exam specially from Child Development and Pedagogy .

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• ⇒ STARTChild Development and Pedagogy Question Answer

• ⇒ STARTOnline Mock Test

RMSA Assam TET Result 2021

RMSA Assam TET Certificate Validity:

• Validity: All candidates who pass the TET will be awarded a certificate. The validity of the certificate shall be for a maximum period of 5 (five) years from the date of issue of the certificate by the Empowered Committee, Government of Assam subject to the condition that the candidate otherwise fulfils the eligibility criteria prescribed for recruitment to the services in Government of Assam.

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RMSA Assam TET Minimum qualifying marks

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• Minimum qualifying marks for passing TET: To qualify in TET Examination the candidate must score at least 60% marks. However, 5% relaxation in marks will be given for candidates belonging to SC/ST/OBC/MOBC/PWD.

RMSA Assam TET 2021 Notification

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